Transmission of sounding reference signals in communication systems with carrier aggregation

ABSTRACT

A base station triggers transmission of sounding reference signals (SRS) from one or multiple user equipments (UEs) on one or multiple cells and a UE determines a power, a time instance, and other parameters for SRS transmissions in response to the triggering. An SRS transmission can be on a cell where a UE is not configured to transmit data or control information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIMS OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional PatentApplication No. 16/721,579 filed Dec. 19, 2019, which is a continuationof U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 15/445,951 filed Feb. 28,2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,547,426, and claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/307,625 filed on Mar. 14, 2016 andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/345,949 filed on Jun. 6,2016; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/417,616 filed onNov. 4, 2016. The above-identified patent documents are incorporatedherein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to wireless communicationsystems and, more specifically, to transmissions of sounding referencesignals from a user equipment (UE) configured for operation with carrieraggregation (CA) in a communication system using time division duplexing(TDD). The present disclosure enables sounding reference signal (SRS)transmissions from a UE in cells where the UE in not configured forother uplink (UL) transmissions.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovationsin modern history. Recently, the number of subscribers to wirelesscommunication services exceeded five billion and continues to growquickly. The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing dueto the growing popularity among consumers and businesses of smart phonesand other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “note pad” computers,net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices. In order to meetthe high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications anddeployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage isof paramount importance.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods andapparatuses for CSI reporting.

In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes areceiver and a transmitter. The receiver is configured to receive adownlink control information (DCI) format that includes a first numberof blocks of bits, and a second number of blocks of bits at respectivesecond number from the first number of blocks of bits. A block of bitsincludes only a positive number of bits for a transmit power control(TPC) command and a number of bits for a sounding reference signal (SRS)request. The transmitter is configured to transmit an SRS with a poweradjusted based on a value of the TPC command in a first block of bitsfrom the second number of blocks of bits. When the number of bits forthe SRS request in the first block of bits is positive, the SRStransmission is in response to a value of the SRS request. When thenumber of bits for the SRS request in the first block of bits is zero,the SRS transmission is in response to a configuration by higher layers.

In another embodiment, a UE is provided. The UE includes a receiver anda transmitter. The receiver is configured to receive a DCI format thatschedules a reception of a data transport block (TB) and triggers atransmission of an SRS. The transmitter is configured to transmit theSRS and acknowledgement information in response to the data TBreception. When the SRS transmission is to overlap in time with theacknowledgement information transmission, the UE is configured topostpone transmission of the SRS.

In yet another embodiment, a base station (BS) is provided. The BSincludes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured totransmit a DCI format including a number of blocks of bits. A block ofbits includes only a positive number of bits for a TPC command and anumber of bits for an SRS request. The receiver is configured to receivean SRS with a power adjusted based on a value of the TPC command in afirst block of bits. When the number of bits for the SRS request in thefirst block of bits is positive, the SRS reception in response to avalue of the SRS request. When the number of bits for the SRS request inthe first block of bits is zero, the SRS reception is in response to aconfiguration by higher layers.

In yet another embodiment, a BS is provided. The BS includes atransmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to transmit aDCI format that schedules a transmission of a data TB and triggers atransmission of an SRS. The receiver is configured to receive the SRSand acknowledgement information for the data TB. When the SRS receptionis to overlap in time with the acknowledgement information reception,the base station is configured to postpone reception of the SRS.

Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in theart from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it can beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivativesrefer to any direct or indirect communication between two or moreelements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with oneanother. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well asderivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication.The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, meaninclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaningand/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof,means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, becontained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicablewith, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be boundto or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, orthe like. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereofthat controls at least one operation. Such a controller can beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and/orfirmware. The functionality associated with any particular controllercan be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Thephrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means thatdifferent combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used,and only one item in the list can be needed. For example, “at least oneof: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, Aand B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed fromcomputer readable program code and embodied in a computer readablemedium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or morecomputer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or aportion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computerreadable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code”includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code,and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes anytype of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as readonly memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, acompact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired,wireless, optical, or other communication links that transporttransitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computerreadable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored andmedia where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as arewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughoutthis patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art shouldunderstand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply toprior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive pathsaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3A illustrates an example user equipment according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3B illustrates an example enhanced NodeB (eNB) according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates a PUSCH transmission structure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a transmitter block diagram for data information anduplink control information (UCI) in a PUSCH according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a receiver block diagram for data information and UCIin a PUSCH according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmitter structure for a Zadoff-Chu(ZC) sequence according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example receiver structure for a ZC sequenceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a communication using CA according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates timing for an A-SRS transmission from a UE in a cellwhere the UE is not configured for other UL transmissions according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates puncturing of a last SF symbol for a PUSCH or PUCCHtransmission in a second cell in order to transmit SRS in a first cellaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates contents of a downlink control information (DCI)format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by an SRS-cell radionetwork temporary identifier (RNTI) that indicates whether or not a UEtransmits an Aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) in a cell according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates contents of a DCI format with CRC scrambled by anSRS-RNTI that indicates whether or not a UE transmits an A-SRS in a celland indicates a transmission power control (TPC) command for the UE toapply to an SRS transmission power according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 14 illustrates an A-SRS transmission, triggered by one DCI format,in multiple SFs using frequency hopping according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 14 , discussed below, and the various embodiments usedto describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure may beimplemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

The following documents and standards descriptions are herebyincorporated by reference into the present disclosure as if fully setforth herein:

3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) TS 36.211 v13.1.0, “E-UTRA,Physical channels and modulation” (“REF 1”); 3GPP TS 36.212 v13.1.0,“E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding” (“REF 2”), 3GPP TS 36.213v13.1.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures” (“REF 3”); 3GPP TS 36.321v13.1.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification”(“REF 4”); 3GPP TS 36.331 v13.1.0, “E-UTRA, Radio Resource Control (RRC)Protocol Specification” (“REF 5”); and U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/152,461, “Control Channel Transmission and Frequency ErrorCorrection.” (“REF 6”)

To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased sincedeployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made todevelop an improved 5G or pre-5G communication system. Therefore, the 5Gor pre-5G communication system is also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a‘Post LTE System’.

The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higherfrequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 60GHz bands, so as to accomplish higherdata rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increasethe transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna,an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in5G communication systems.

In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system networkimprovement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud RadioAccess Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D)communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperativecommunication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-endinterference cancellation and the like.

In the 5G system, Hybrid FSK and QAM Modulation (FQAM) and slidingwindow superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation(ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advancedaccess technology have been developed.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wirelessnetwork 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodimentsof the wireless network 100 could be used without departing from thescope of this disclosure.

The wireless network 100 includes an eNodeB (eNB) 101, an eNB 102, andan eNB 103. The eNB 101 communicates with the eNB 102 and the eNB 103.The eNB 101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP)network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary IP network, or otherdata network.

Depending on the network type, other well-known terms may be usedinstead of “eNodeB” or “eNB,” such as “base station” or “access point.”For the sake of convenience, the terms “eNodeB” and “eNB” are used inthis patent document to refer to network infrastructure components thatprovide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on thenetwork type, other well-known terms may be used instead of “userequipment” or “UE,” such as “mobile station,” “subscriber station,”“remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” or “user device.” For the sakeof convenience, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are used in thispatent document to refer to remote wireless equipment that wirelesslyaccesses an eNB, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobiletelephone or smartphone) or is normally considered a stationary device(such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

The eNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for afirst plurality of user equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 ofthe eNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may belocated in a small business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in anenterprise (E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); aUE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 115, whichmay be located in a second residence (R); and a UE 116, which may be amobile device (M) like a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA,or the like. The eNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to thenetwork 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 ofthe eNB 103. The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE116. In some embodiments, one or more of the eNBs 101-103 maycommunicate with each other and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G, long-termevolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX, or other advanced wireless communicationtechniques.

Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes ofillustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood thatthe coverage areas associated with eNBs, such as the coverage areas 120and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, dependingupon the configuration of the eNBs and variations in the radioenvironment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

As described in more detail below, one or more of BS 101, BS 102 and BS103 include 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In some embodiments, one or more of BS 101, BS 102 and BS103 support the transmission of sounding reference signals in TimeDivision Duplex (TDD) systems with carrier aggregation.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network 100,various changes may be made to FIG. 1 . For example, the wirelessnetwork 100 could include any number of eNBs and any number of UEs inany suitable arrangement. Also, the eNB 101 could communicate directlywith any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadbandaccess to the network 130. Similarly, each eNB 102-103 could communicatedirectly with the network 130 and provide UEs with direct wirelessbroadband access to the network 130. Further, the eNB 101, 102, and/or103 could provide access to other or additional external networks, suchas external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive pathsaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In thefollowing description, a transmit path 200 may be described as beingimplemented in an eNB (such as eNB 102), while a receive path 250 may bedescribed as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, itwill be understood that the receive path 250 could be implemented in aneNB and that the transmit path 200 could be implemented in a UE. In someembodiments, the receive path 250 is configured to support thetransmission of sounding reference signals with carrier aggregation asdescribed in embodiments of the present disclosure.

The transmit path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block205, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block220, an add cyclic prefix block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. Thereceive path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a remove cyclicprefix block 260, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N FastFourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

In the transmit path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as alow-density parity check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits(such as with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or QuadratureAmplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domainmodulation symbols. The serial-to-parallel block 210 converts (such asde-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols to parallel data in orderto generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT/FFT size usedin the eNB 102 and the UE 116. The size N IFFT block 215 performs anIFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate time-domainoutput signals. The parallel-to-serial block 220 converts (such asmultiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from the size NIFFT block 215 in order to generate a serial time-domain signal. The addcyclic prefix block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix to the time-domainsignal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts) the outputof the add cyclic prefix block 225 to an RF frequency for transmissionvia a wireless channel. The signal may also be filtered at basebandbefore conversion to the RF frequency.

A transmitted RF signal from the eNB 102 arrives at the UE 116 afterpassing through the wireless channel, and reverse operations to those atthe eNB 102 are performed at the UE 116. The down-converter 255down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and theremove cyclic prefix block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate aserial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block 265converts the time-domain baseband signal to parallel time domainsignals. The size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generateN parallel frequency-domain signals. The parallel-to-serial block 275converts the parallel frequency-domain signals to a sequence ofmodulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the originalinput data stream.

Each of the eNBs 101-103 may implement a transmit path 200 that isanalogous to transmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and mayimplement a receive path 250 that is analogous to receiving in theuplink from UEs 111-116. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement atransmit path 200 for transmitting in the uplink to eNBs 101-103 and mayimplement a receive path 250 for receiving in the downlink from eNBs101-103.

Each of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be implemented using onlyhardware or using a combination of hardware and software/firmware. As aparticular example, at least some of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2Bmay be implemented in software, while other components may beimplemented by configurable hardware or a mixture of software andconfigurable hardware. For instance, the FFT block 270 and the IFFTblock 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, wherethe value of size N may be modified according to the implementation.

Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is by way ofillustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of thisdisclosure. Other types of transforms, such as Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions,could be used. It will be appreciated that the value of the variable Nmay be any integer number (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or the like) for DFT andIDFT functions, while the value of the variable N may be any integernumber that is a power of two (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or the like) forFFT and IFFT functions.

Although FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate examples of wireless transmit andreceive paths, various changes may be made to FIGS. 2A and 2B. Forexample, various components in FIGS. 2A and 2B could be combined,further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be addedaccording to particular needs. Also, FIGS. 2A and 2B are meant toillustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths thatcould be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecturescould be used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example UE 116 according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The embodiment of the UE 116 illustrated in FIG.3A is for illustration only, and the UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 could havethe same or similar configuration. However, UEs come in a wide varietyof configurations, and FIG. 3A does not limit the scope of thisdisclosure to any particular implementation of a UE.

The UE 116 includes an antenna 305, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver310, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 315, a microphone 320, andreceive (RX) processing circuitry 325. The UE 116 also includes aspeaker 330, a main processor 340, an input/output (I/O) interface (IF)345, a keypad 350, a display 355, and a memory 360. The memory 360includes a basic operating system (OS) program 361 and one or moreapplications 362.

The RF transceiver 310 receives, from the antenna 305, an incoming RFsignal transmitted by an eNB of the network 100. The RF transceiver 310down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediatefrequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent tothe RX processing circuitry 325, which generates a processed basebandsignal by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignal. The RX processing circuitry 325 transmits the processed basebandsignal to the speaker 330 (such as for voice data) or to the mainprocessor 340 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

The TX processing circuitry 315 receives analog or digital voice datafrom the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as webdata, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the main processor340. The TX processing circuitry 315 encodes, multiplexes, and/ordigitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband orIF signal. The RF transceiver 310 receives the outgoing processedbaseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuitry 315 andup-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that istransmitted via the antenna 305.

The main processor 340 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices and execute the basic OS program 361 stored in thememory 360 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116. Forexample, the main processor 340 could control the reception of forwardchannel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by theRF transceiver 310, the RX processing circuitry 325, and the TXprocessing circuitry 315 in accordance with well-known principles. Insome embodiments, the main processor 340 includes at least onemicroprocessor or microcontroller.

The main processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes andprograms resident in the memory 360, such as operations for channelquality measurement and reporting for systems having 2D antenna arraysas described in embodiments of the present disclosure as described inembodiments of the present disclosure. The main processor 340 can movedata into or out of the memory 360 as required by an executing process.In some embodiments, the main processor 340 is configured to execute theapplications 362 based on the OS program 361 or in response to signalsreceived from eNBs or an operator. The main processor 340 is alsocoupled to the I/O interface 345, which provides the UE 116 with theability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers andhandheld computers. The I/O interface 345 is the communication pathbetween these accessories and the main controller 340.

The main processor 340 is also coupled to the keypad 350 and the displayunit 355. The operator of the UE 116 can use the keypad 350 to enterdata into the UE 116. The display 355 may be a liquid crystal display orother display capable of rendering text and/or at least limitedgraphics, such as from web sites.

The memory 360 is coupled to the main processor 340. Part of the memory360 could include a random access memory (RAM), and another part of thememory 360 could include a Flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

Although FIG. 3A illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes maybe made to FIG. 3A. For example, various components in FIG. 3A could becombined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components couldbe added according to particular needs. As a particular example, themain processor 340 could be divided into multiple processors, such asone or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphicsprocessing units (GPUs). Also, while FIG. 3A illustrates the UE 116configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone, UEs could be configuredto operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example eNB 102 according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The embodiment of the eNB 102 shown in FIG. 3Bis for illustration only, and other eNBs of FIG. 1 could have the sameor similar configuration. However, eNBs come in a wide variety ofconfigurations, and FIG. 3B does not limit the scope of this disclosureto any particular implementation of an eNB. It is noted that eNB 101 andeNB 103 can include the same or similar structure as eNB 102.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the eNB 102 includes multiple antennas 370 a-370 n,multiple RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry374, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 376. In certain embodiments,one or more of the multiple antennas 370 a-370 n include 2D antennaarrays. The eNB 102 also includes a controller/processor 378, a memory380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

The RF transceivers 372 a-372 n receive, from the antennas 370 a-370 n,incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs or other eNBs.The RF transceivers 372 a-372 n down-convert the incoming RF signals togenerate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent tothe RX processing circuitry 376, which generates processed basebandsignals by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignals. The RX processing circuitry 376 transmits the processedbaseband signals to the controller/processor 378 for further processing.

The TX processing circuitry 374 receives analog or digital data (such asvoice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from thecontroller/processor 378. The TX processing circuitry 374 encodes,multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generateprocessed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 372 a-372 nreceive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TXprocessing circuitry 374 and up-converts the baseband or IF signals toRF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 370 a-370 n.

The controller/processor 378 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices that control the overall operation of the eNB 102.For example, the controller/processor 378 could control the reception offorward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signalsby the RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, the RX processing circuitry 376, andthe TX processing circuitry 374 in accordance with well-knownprinciples. The controller/processor 378 could support additionalfunctions as well, such as more advanced wireless communicationfunctions. For instance, the controller/processor 378 can perform theblind interference sensing (BIS) process, such as performed by a BISalgorithm, and decodes the received signal subtracted by the interferingsignals. Any of a wide variety of other functions could be supported inthe eNB 102 by the controller/processor 378. In some embodiments, thecontroller/processor 378 includes at least one microprocessor ormicrocontroller.

The controller/processor 378 is also capable of executing programs andother processes resident in the memory 380, such as a basic OS. Thecontroller/processor 378 is also capable of supporting the transmissionof sounding reference signals with carrier aggregation as described inembodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, thecontroller/processor 378 supports communications between entities, suchas web RTC. The controller/processor 378 can move data into or out ofthe memory 380 as required by an executing process.

The controller/processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or networkinterface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows the eNB 102to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connectionor over a network. The interface 382 could support communications overany suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the eNB102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such asone supporting 5G, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 382 could allow the eNB102 to communicate with other eNBs over a wired or wireless backhaulconnection. When the eNB 102 is implemented as an access point, theinterface 382 could allow the eNB 102 to communicate over a wired orwireless local area network or over a wired or wireless connection to alarger network (such as the Internet). The interface 382 includes anysuitable structure supporting communications over a wired or wirelessconnection, such as an Ethernet or RF transceiver.

The memory 380 is coupled to the controller/processor 378. Part of thememory 380 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 380 couldinclude a Flash memory or other ROM. In certain embodiments, a pluralityof instructions, such as a BIS algorithm is stored in memory. Theinstructions are configured to cause the controller/processor 378 toperform the BIS process and to decode a received signal aftersubtracting out at least one interfering signal determined by the BISalgorithm.

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of theeNB 102 (implemented using the RF transceivers 372 a-372 n, TXprocessing circuitry 374, and/or RX processing circuitry 376) supportcommunication with aggregation of FDD cells and TDD cells.

Although FIG. 3B illustrates one example of an eNB 102, various changesmay be made to FIG. 3B. For example, the eNB 102 could include anynumber of each component shown in FIG. 3 . As a particular example, anaccess point could include a number of interfaces 382, and thecontroller/processor 378 could support routing functions to route databetween different network addresses. As another particular example,while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry374 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 376, the eNB 102could include multiple instances of each (such as one per RFtransceiver).

A communication system includes a downlink (DL) that conveys signalsfrom transmission points such as base stations or eNBs to UEs and anuplink (UL) that conveys signals from UEs to reception points such aseNBs. A UE, also commonly referred to as a terminal or a mobile station,may be fixed or mobile and may be a cellular phone, a personal computerdevice, or an automated device. An eNB, which is generally a fixedstation, may also be referred to as an access point or other equivalentterminology.

DL signals include data signals conveying information content, controlsignals conveying DL control information (DCI), and reference signals(RS) that are also known as pilot signals. An eNB transmits datainformation or DCI through respective physical DL shared channels(PDSCHs) or physical DL control channels (PDCCHs). The PDCCH can be anenhanced PDCCH (EPDDCH) but the term PDCCH will be used for brevity todenote PDCCH or EPDCCH. A PDCCH is transmitted over one or more controlchannel elements (CCEs). An eNB transmits one or more of multiple typesof RS including a UE-common RS (CRS), a channel state information RS(CSI-RS), and a demodulation RS (DMRS). A CRS is transmitted over a DLsystem bandwidth (BW) and can be used by UEs to demodulate data orcontrol signals or to perform measurements. To reduce CRS overhead, aneNB can transmit a CSI-RS with a smaller density in the time and/orfrequency domain than a CRS. For channel measurement, non-zero powerCSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) resources can be used. For interference measurementreports (IMRs), CSI interference measurement (CSI-IM) resourcesassociated with zero power CSI-RS (ZP CSI-RS) resources can be used [3].A CSI process consists of NZP CSI-RS and CSI-IM resources. DMRS istransmitted only in the BW of a respective PDSCH and a UE can use theDMRS to demodulate information in a PDSCH.

UL signals also include data signals conveying information content,control signals conveying UL control information (UCI), and RS. A UEtransmits data information or UCI through a respective physical ULshared channel (PUSCH) or a physical UL control channel (PUCCH). When aUE simultaneously transmits data information and UCI, the UE canmultiplex both in a PUSCH or the UE can transmit data and some UCI in aPUSCH and transmit remaining UCI in a PUCCH when the eNB configures theUE for simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH transmission. UCI includes hybridautomatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) information,indicating correct or incorrect detection of data transport blocks (TBs)in a PDSCH, scheduling request (SR) indicating whether a UE has data inits buffer, and CSI enabling an eNB to select appropriate parameters forlink adaptation of PDSCH or PDCCH transmissions to a UE.

CSI includes a channel quality indicator (CQI) informing an eNB of a DLsignal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) experienced by the UE, aprecoding matrix indicator (PMI) informing an eNB how to applybeam-forming for DL transmissions to the UE, and a rank indicator (RI)informing the eNB of a rank for a PDSCH transmission. UL RS includesDMRS and sounding RS (SRS). A UE transmits DMRS only in a BW of arespective PUSCH or PUCCH and an eNB can use a DMRS to demodulateinformation in a PUSCH or PUCCH. A UE transmits SRS to provide an eNBwith an UL CSI. An SRS transmission from a UE can be periodic (P-SRS, ortrigger type 0 SRS) or aperiodic (A-SRS, or trigger type 1 SRS) astriggered by an SRS request field included in a DCI format conveyed by aPDCCH scheduling PUSCH or PDSCH.

A transmission time interval (TTI) for DL transmission or for ULtransmission is referred to as a subframe (SF) and includes two slots. Aunit of ten SFs is referred to as a system frame. A system frame isidentified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023 and canbe represented by 10 binary elements (or bits). A BW unit for a DLtransmission or for an UL transmission is referred to as a resourceblock (RB), one RB over one slot is referred to as a physical RB (PRB),and one RB over one SF is referred to as a PRB pair. Each RB consists ofN_(sc) ^(RB) sub-carriers, or resource elements (REs). A RE isidentified by the pair of indexes (k,l) where k is a frequency domainindex and l in a time domain index. An eNB informs parameters for aPDSCH transmission to a UE or parameters for a PUSCH transmission fromthe UE, through a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a cell radio networktemporary identifier (C-RNTI), that is conveyed in a PDCCH the eNBtransmits to the UE and is respectively referred to as DL DCI format orUL DCI format.

FIG. 4 illustrates a PUSCH transmission structure.

A SF 410 includes two slots. Each slot 420 includes N_(symb) ^(UL)symbols 430 for transmitting data information, UCI or RS. Some PUSCHsymbols in each slot are used for transmitting DMRS 440. Each RBincludes N_(sc) ^(RB) REs and a UE is allocated M_(PUSCH) RBs 450 for atotal of M_(sc) ^(PUSCH)=M_(PUSCH)·N_(sc) ^(RB) REs for a PUSCHtransmission BW. A last SF symbol can be used to multiplex SRStransmissions 460 from one or more UEs. A number of SF symbols availablefor data/UCI/DMRS transmission is N_(symb) ^(PUSCH)=2·(N_(symb)^(UL)−1)−N_(SRS), where N_(SRS)=1 when the last SF symbol is used totransmit SRS and N_(SRS)=0 otherwise.

FIG. 5 illustrates a transmitter block diagram for data information andUCI in a PUSCH according to according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

Coded CSI symbols 505 and coded data symbols 510 are multiplexed bymultiplexer 520. Coded HARQ-ACK symbols are then inserted by multiplexer530 by puncturing data symbols and/or CSI symbols. A transmission ofcoded RI symbols is similar to one for coded HARQ-ACK symbols (notshown). A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is obtained by DFT unit 540,REs 550 corresponding to a PUSCH transmission BW are selected byselector 555, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed byIFFT unit 560, an output is filtered and by filter 570 and applied acertain power by power amplifier (PA) 580 and a signal is thentransmitted 590. For brevity, additional transmitter circuitry such asdigital-to-analog converter, filters, amplifiers, and transmitterantennas as well as encoders and modulators for data symbols and UCIsymbols are omitted for brevity.

FIG. 6 illustrates a receiver block diagram for data information and UCIin a PUSCH according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Theembodiment of the receiver block diagram shown in FIG. 6 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of this disclosure.

A received signal 610 is filtered by filter 620, a fast Fouriertransform (FFT) is applied by FFT unit 630, a selector unit 640 selectsREs 650 used by a transmitter, an inverse DFT (IDFT) unit applies anIDFT 660, a de-multiplexer 670 extracts coded HARQ-ACK symbols andplaces erasures in corresponding REs for data symbols and CSI symbolsand finally another de-multiplexer 680 separates coded data symbols 690and coded CSI symbols 695. A reception of coded RI symbols is similar toone for coded HARQ-ACK symbols (not shown). Additional receivercircuitry such as a channel estimator, demodulators and decoders fordata and UCI symbols are not shown for brevity.

A DMRS or SRS transmission can be through a transmission of a respectiveZadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. For a UL system BW of N_(RB) ^(max,UL) RBs, asequence R_(u,v) ^((α))(n) can be defined by a cyclic shift (CS) α of abase sequence r _(u,v)(n) according to r_(u,v) ^((α))(n)=e^(jαn) _(r)_(u,v) (n), 0≤n<M_(sc) ^(RS), where M_(sc) ^(RS)=mN_(sc) ^(RB) is asequnce length, 1≤m≤N_(RB) ^(max,UL), and r _(u,v)(n)=x_(q)(n mod N_(ZC)^(RS)) where the q^(th) root ZC sequence is defined by

${{x_{q}(m)} = {\exp\left( \frac{{- j}\pi{{qm}\left( {m + 1} \right)}}{N_{ZC}^{RS}} \right)}},{0 \leq m \leq {N_{ZC}^{RS} - 1}}$with q given by q=└q+1/2┘+v·(−1)^(└q┘) and q given by q=N_(ZC)^(RS)·(u+1)/31. A length N_(ZC) ^(RS) of a ZC sequence is given by alargest prime number such that N_(ZC) ^(RS)<M_(sc) ^(RS). Multiple RSsequences can be defined from a single base sequence using differentvalues of α.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmitter structure for a ZC sequenceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodimentof the transmitter structure shown in FIG. 7 is for illustration only.Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of thisdisclosure.

A ZC sequence 710 of length M_(sc) ^(RS) REs is mapped by mapper 720 toREs of a transmission BW as they are indicated by RE selection unit 730.The mapping can be performed to consecutive REs for a DMRS or to everyother RE for an SRS thereby creating a comb spectrum with repetitionfactor two (or every fourth REs for repetition factor of four and soon). Subsequently, an IFFT is performed by IFFT filter 740, a CS isapplied to the output by CS mapper 750, and a resulting signal isfiltered by filter 760. A transmission power is applied by poweramplifier 770 and the RS is transmitted 780.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example receiver structure for a ZC sequenceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodimentof the receiver structure for a ZC sequence shown in FIG. 8 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of this disclosure.

A received signal 810 is filtered by filter 820, a CS is restored by CSdemapper 830, a FFT is applied by filter 840, a RE demapper 850 selectsREs indicated by a controller of reception BW 860, a resulting signal iscorrelated by complex multiplier 870 with a replica 880 of a ZCsequence, and an output 890 can then be provided to a channel estimatorsuch as a time-frequency interpolator.

Table 1 below provides a number of combinations for an SRS transmissionBW. An eNB can signal a cell specific SRS BW configuration c throughsystem information. For example, 3 bits can indicate one of the eightconfigurations in Table 1. The eNB can then assign to each UE an SRStransmission BWs m_(SRS,b) ^(c) (in RBs) by indicating the value of bfor SRS BW configuration c. For P-SRS, this can be by higher layersignaling of 2 bits. For A-SRS, this can be by a respective DCI formatdynamically indicating one BW from a set of BWs configured to a UE byhigher layer signaling. A variation in a maximum SRS BW is primarilyintended to avoid a varying total BW allocation for PUCCH transmissionsat the two edges of an UL BW. The eNB can also signal through systeminformation cell specific SRS transmission SFs.

TABLE 1 m_(SRS, b) ^(c) RB values for UL BW of N_(RB) ^(UL) RBs with 80< N_(RB) ^(UL) ≤ 110. SRS BW configuration b = 0 b = 1 b = 2 b = 3 c = 096 48 24 4 c = 1 96 32 16 4 c = 2 80 40 20 4 c = 3 72 24 12 4 c = 4 6432 16 4 c = 5 60 20 Not Applicable 4 c = 6 48 24 12 4 c = 7 48 16  8 4

A UE transmits an SRS on per cell SRS resources based on a trigger type0 when the SRS transmission is triggered by higher layer signaling or ona trigger type 1 when the SRS transmission is triggered by a detectionof DCI formats 0/4/1A for FDD and TDD and DCI formats 2B/2C/2D for TDD.An SRS request field has size of 1 bit for DCI formats 0/1A/2B/2C/2D,with a type 1 SRS triggered when a value of the SRS request field is setto ‘1’. An SRS request field has size of 2 bits for DCI format 4 and amapping for the two bits can be as in Table 2. In case both trigger type0 and trigger type 1 SRS transmissions would occur in a same SF and in asame cell, a UE transmits only the trigger type 1 SRS. Transmissionparameters for trigger type 0 SRS or trigger type 1 SRS are cellspecific and are configured to a UE by higher layers. For brevity, atrigger type 0 SRS will be referred to as periodic SRS (P-SRS) and atrigger type 1 SRS will be referred to as aperiodic SRS (A-SRS). Higherlayer configuration can be UE-specific through radio resource control(RRC) signaling or cell-specific through system information signaling.

TABLE 2 SRS request value for trigger type 1 in DCI format 4 Value ofSRS request field Description ‘00’ No type 1 SRS trigger ‘01’ The 1^(st)SRS parameter set configured by higher layers ‘10’ The 2^(nd) SRSparameter set configured by higher layers ‘11’ The 3^(rd) SRS parameterset configured by higher layers

In a TDD communication system, the communication direction in some SFsis in the DL and in some other SFs is in the UL. Table 3 providesindicative TDD UL-DL configurations over a period of one system frame.“D” denotes a DL SF, “U” denotes an UL SF, and “S” denotes a special SFthat includes a DL transmission field referred to as DwPTS, a GuardPeriod (GP), and an UL transmission field referred to as uplink pilottime slot (UpPTS). Several combinations exist for the duration of eachfield in a special SF subject to the condition that the total durationis one SF.

TABLE 3 TDD UL-DL configurations TDD DL-to-UL UL-DL Switch- Configu-point SF number ration periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 ms D S U U UD S U U U 1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D 2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D 3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D 4 10 ms  D S U U D D D D D D 5 10 ms  D S U D D D DD D D 6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

In TDD, a UE configured for A-SRS transmission on cell c, upon detectionof a positive SRS request in SF n of cell c, transmits SRS in the firstSF satisfying n+k, k≥4 and (10·n_(f)+k_(SRS)−T_(offset,1))modT_(SRS,1)>2, or (k_(SRS)−T_(offset,1))mod 5=0 for T_(SRS,1)=2 wherek_(SRS) is defined in Table 4 or as in Table 4A.

TABLE 4 for TDD for UpPTS length of 2 symbols or 1 symbol SF index n 1 61st symbol 2nd symbol 1st symbol 2nd symbol 0 of UpPTS of UpPTS 2 3 4 5of UpPTS of UpPTS 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9

TABLE 4A k_(SRS) for TDD in case of UpPTS of 4 symbols SF index n 1 61st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th symbol symbol symbol symbol symbolsymbol symbol symbol of of of of of of of of 0 UpPTS UpPTS UpPTS UpPTS 23 4 5 UpPTS UpPTS UpPTS UpPTS 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 2 3 7 8

In a TDD cell, an eNB configures a UE an A-SRS periodicity, T_(SRS,,1),and an A-SRS SF offset, T_(offset,1), as defined in Table 5. T_(SRS,1)is cell specific and is selected from the set {2, 5, 10} SFs. ForT_(SRS,1)=2 SFs, two SRS resources are configured in a half framecontaining UL SF(s) of the given cell.

TABLE 5 UE Specific Periodicity T_(SRS, 1) and SF Offset ConfigurationT_(offset, 1) for A-SRS in TDD SRS Configuration SRS Periodicity SRS SFOffset Index I_(SRS) T_(SRS, 1) (SFs) T_(offset, 1) 0 reserved reserved1 2 0, 2 2 2 1, 2 3 2 0, 3 4 2 1, 3 5 2 0, 4 6 2 1, 4 7 2 2, 3 8 2 2, 49 2 3, 4 10-14 5 I_(SRS) − 10 15-24 10  I_(SRS) − 15 25-31 reservedreserved

One mechanism towards satisfying a demand for increased network capacityand data rates is network densification. This is realized by deployingsmall cells in order to increase a number of network nodes and theirproximity to UEs and provide cell splitting gains. As a number of smallcells increases and deployments of small cells become dense, a handoverfrequency and a handover failure rate can also significantly increase.By maintaining the RRC connection to the macro-cell, communication withthe small cell can be optimized as control-plane (C-plane)functionalities such as mobility management, paging, and systeminformation updates can be provided only by the macro-cell while asmall-cell can be dedicated for user-data plane (U-plane)communications. If a latency of a backhaul link between network nodes(cells) is practically zero, carrier aggregation (CA) can be used as inREF 3 and scheduling decisions can be made by a central entity andconveyed to each network node. When a propagation delay for a UEtransmission is not same for different cells, cells can be groupedaccording to a propagation delay and each group can be associated with adifferent timing advance group (TAG) command.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a communication using CA according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG.9 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure.

A UE 910 communicates with a first eNB in one cell 920 corresponding toa macro-cell using a first carrier frequency f1 930 and with a secondeNB in a second cell 940 corresponding to a small cell over carrierfrequency f2 950. The first eNB and the second eNB are connected over abackhaul that introduces negligible latency. It is also possible for thefirst eNB and the second eNB to be a same eNB and the first cell and thesecond cell to correspond to different carrier frequencies.

A UE monitors PDCCH transmissions providing UE-common information froman eNB in a common search space (CSS). In case of CA, the CSS is locatedin one cell that is referred to as primary cell (PCell). The UEtransmits PUCCH in the PCell. The eNB can also configure the UE forPUCCH transmissions for UCI associated with a cell group in a primarysecondary cell (PSCell). A group of cells with associated UCItransmission on PUCCH of the PCell is referred to as primary cell group(PCG) and a group of cells with associated UCI transmission on PUCCH ofthe PSCell is referred to as secondary cell group (SCG). Unlessexplicitly otherwise mentioned, the following descriptions apply to bothPCG and SCG but, for brevity, differentiation between PCG and SCG orbetween PCell and PSCell is not considered.

A setting of a UE transmit power P_(SRS) for an SRS transmitted in SF ifor cell c is defined as in Equation 1:P _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m)+10 log₁₀ (M_(SRS,c))+P _(O_PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL _(c) +f _(c)(i)}[dBm]  (Equation1)where:

-   -   P_(CMAX,c)(i) is a configured UE transmit power in SF i for cell        c;    -   P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m) is configured by higher layers for P-SRS        (m=0) and for A-SRS (m=1) for cell c;    -   M_(SRS,c) is an SRS transmission BW in SF i for cell c expressed        in number of RBs;    -   f_(c)(i)=f_(c)(i−1)+δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) when accumulation        of transmission power control (TPC) commands        δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is enabled by higher layers for cell c        and ƒ_(c)(i)=δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) when accumulation of TPC        commands δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is not enabled by higher        layers for cell c where δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is a TPC        command that the UE is provided by a DCI format 3/3A that has a        CRC scrambled with a TPC-PUSCH-RNTI that the UE is configured by        higher layers and DCI format 3 includes TPC commands represented        by 2 bits and DCI format 3A includes TPC commands represented by        1 bit; and

P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) and α_(c)(1) are configured by higher layers for aPUSCH transmission in cell c where P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) is a sum of acell-specific component and a UE-specific component (see also REF 3).

For an UL transmission (PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS) over a number of antennaports, a transmit power is first scaled by a ratio of the number ofantennas ports to the number of antenna ports for the UL transmission. Aresulting scaled power is then split equally across the antenna ports ofthe UL transmission.

When a total UE transmit power for SRS would exceed {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX) (i), the UE scales {circumflex over (P)}_(SRS,c) (i) for thecell c in SF i such that the condition in following Equation 2 issatisfied:

$\begin{matrix}{{\sum\limits_{c}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}} \leq {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)}} & \left( {{Equation}2} \right)\end{matrix}$where {circumflex over (P)}_(SRS,c)(i) is a linear value ofP_(SRS,c)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX) (i) is a linear value ofP_(CMAX) in SF i and w(i) is a scaling factor of {circumflex over(P)}_(SRS,c)(i) for cell c where 0<w(i)≤1. The w(i) values are sameacross cells.

A UE configured for A-SRS transmission in cell c and not configured witha carrier indicator field (CIF), transmits A-SRS in cell c upondetection of a positive SRS request in PDCCH scheduling PUSCH/PDSCH onserving cell c. A UE configured for A-SRS transmission in cell c andconfigured with a CIF, transmits SRS in cell c upon detection of apositive SRS request in PDCCH scheduling PUSCH/PDSCH with the CIF valuecorresponding to cell c.

A UE can provide a power headroom (PH) report to an eNB in order for theeNB to obtain an estimate of an available power at the UE for ULtransmissions. For example, a Type 1 PH report when a UE transmits PUSCHwithout PUCCH in SF i for cell c is defined as in Equation 3:PH _(type1,c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c)(i)−{10 log₁₀(M _(PUSCH,c)(i))+P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL _(c)+Δ_(TF,c)(i)+f _(c)(i)}[dB]  (Equation3)

When a UE does not transmit PUSCH in SF i for cell c, a type 1 PH report(virtual PH report) is defined as in following Equation 4, where {tildeover (P)}_(CMAX,c)(i) is computed as described in REF 3.PH _(type1,c)(i)={tilde over (P)}_(CMAX,c)(i)−{P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL _(c) +f _(c)(i)}[dB]   (Equation 4)

For TDD systems, DL transmissions and UL transmissions are over a sameBW and therefore, a DL transmission from an eNB to a UE and an ULtransmission from the UE to the eNB experience a same channel. As aconsequence, an eNB can obtain a PMI (for DL beam-forming using channelreciprocity) for a UE from a reception of an SRS transmission from theUE. Further, although an interference experienced at a UE for DL atransmission from an eNB can be different than an interferenceexperienced at the eNB for an UL transmission from the UE, as the eNBand the UE are not collocated, there can be operating conditions when asimilar interference is observed. In such case, an SRS transmission canalso provide a CQI estimate for DL transmissions as the SRS transmissionalready also provides a channel response estimate. For example, for UEsin close proximity to the eNB and for similar eNB and UE elevations,such as when the eNB and the UE are located indoors or when the eNB andthe UE are located outdoors but the eNB elevation is relatively low, asimilar interference can be experienced by the UE and the eNB.

Due to data traffic patterns that tend to be larger in the DL than inthe UL, UE complexity aspects, and regulatory requirements related toemissions, a CA-capable UE typically supports or is configured tosupport a much smaller number of UL cells than a number of DL cells. Forexample, a UE can be configured CA operation with more than five DLcells and with only one or two UL cells. In such case and for a TDDsystem, a UE is not capable of transmitting SRS to an eNB in some DLcells and therefore, in order to enable link adaptation for DLtransmissions from the eNB to the UE, the UE needs to measure and reportCSI, including CQI, PMI, and RI, to the eNB for the DL cells. Thisincreases UE computational complexity, memory requirements, and powerconsumption and also increases overhead in UL transmissions in order toinclude CSI feedback for a potentially large number of DL cells.

Fast carrier switching is considered for SRS transmissions so that a UEcan transmit SRS even in a cell where the UE is configured for DLtransmission but is not configured for UL transmission. Such afunctionality presents a series of new design issues including:

-   -   a) Mechanisms to determine an SRS transmission power in cells        where a UE is not configured for UL transmissions.    -   b) Mechanisms to provide PH report for a cell where a UE        transmits SRS and the UE is not configured for other UL        transmissions.    -   c) Prioritization of power allocation when a UE is configured to        simultaneously transmit SRS in a cell where the UE is configured        for UL transmissions and in a cell where the UE is not        configured for other UL transmissions.    -   d) Mechanisms to provide timing for an A-SRS transmission from a        UE in a cell where the UE is not configured for other UL        transmission in order to avoid simultaneous transmission of the        A-SRS in the cell and PUSCH/PUCCH transmission in other cells.    -   e) Mechanisms to trigger A-SRS transmissions in cells where a UE        is not configured for other UL transmissions.

Therefore, there is a need to provide mechanisms for determining an SRStransmission power in cells where a UE is not configured for ULtransmissions.

There is another need to define a PH report for a cell where a UEtransmits SRS and the UE is not configured for other UL transmissions inthe cell.

There is another need to establish prioritization rules for powerallocation to SRS transmission when a UE is configured to simultaneouslytransmit SRS in cells where the UE is configured for other ULtransmissions and in cells where the UE is not configured for ULtransmissions.

There is another need to provide mechanisms for timing of an A-SRStransmission from a UE in a cell where the UE is not configured forother UL transmissions in order to avoid simultaneous transmission ofthe A-SRS in the cell and PUSCH/PUCCH transmissions in other cells.

Also, there is a need to provide mechanisms for triggering A-SRStransmissions in cells where a UE is not configured for other ULtransmissions.

In the following, unless otherwise explicitly mentioned, reference iswith respect to a UE transmitting P-SRS or A-SRS in a TDD cell where theUE is either configured for other UL transmissions or not configured forother UL transmissions.

SRS Transmission Power Control

Various embodiments of the present disclosure consider mechanisms toenable power control of SRS transmissions from a UE in a cell where theUE is not configured for other UL transmissions in the cell.

In Equation 1, a power for a P-SRS transmission or for an A-SRStransmission is defined relative to a power for a PUSCH transmission. Ina cell c where a UE transmits P-SRS or A-SRS and the UE does not have aPUSCH transmission, power control parameters for P-SRS transmission orfor A-SRS transmission that are derived from a PUSCH transmission powerneed to be separately configured to the UE from an eNB by higher layers.These parameters include P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m), P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1), andα_(c)(1). In addition, the eNB needs to configure the UE with TPCcommands for P-SRS transmission or for A-SRS transmissions in cell c.Further, the eNB needs to configure the UE by higher layers aP_(C,MAX,c)(i) value for c.

In Equation 1, the eNB configures the UE by higher layers a parameterP_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) in cell c and a parameter P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m) to offseta transmission power for P-SRS (m=0) or for A-SRS (m=1) relative to aPUSCH transmission power. The parameter P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) has acell-specific component and a UE-specific component (see also REF 3).For a cell c where a UE is not configured for other UL transmissions,new parameters P_(O_SRS,c)(m) are defined and configured by higherlayers to the UE for P-SRS (m=0) transmission and for A-SRS (m=1)transmission and there is no need for higher layers to configurerespective P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) and P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m) parameters. Similarto P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1), P_(O_SRS,c)(m) can be a sum of a cell-specificcomponent and a UE-specific component.

In a first approach, TPC commands for a number of cells where a UE isconfigured for P-SRS transmission or for A-SRS transmission can beprovided by a DCI Format 3/3A with CRC scrambled with a TPC-PUSCH-RNTIthat is configured to the UE by higher layers. The DCI Format 3/3A isconveyed by a PDCCH transmitted in the CSS of a cell that is the PCellfor the UE. The TPC-PUSCH-RNTI can be same as the one configured to theUE for PUSCH transmissions and the locations of TPC commands for cellswithout PUSCH transmissions from a UE can either be separatelyconfigured or be consecutive and follow the locations of TPC commandsfor cells with PUSCH transmissions.

In a second approach, a UE can be configured by higher layers a new RNTItype, TPC-SRS-RNTI, and the UE can monitor a DCI Format 3/3A with CRCscrambled with the TPC-SRS-RNTI to obtain TPC commands for P-SRStransmissions or for A-SRS transmission in cells where the UE is notconfigured for other UL transmissions. The second approach can bebeneficial in allowing a different transmission rate of TPC commandsamong PUSCH/SRS transmissions in cells where a UE is configured PUSCHtransmissions and SRS transmissions in cell where the UE is notconfigured for other UL transmissions. The second approach is alsobeneficial in maintaining an existing eNB implementation for a DCIFormat 3/3A with CRC scrambled by a TPC-PUSCH-RNTI.

A parameter tpc-Index-SRS is provided by higher layers to a UE, for acell where the UE is configured to transmit P-SRS or A-SRS and the UE isnot configured for other UL transmissions, to indicate to the UE alocation of bits in a DCI Format 3/3A for the UE to obtain a TPC commandto adjust a SRS transmission power in the cell. Upon detecting a DCIFormat 3/3A with CRC scrambled with a TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, or with aTPC-SRS-RNTI, the UE applies the TPC command obtained from bits of DCIFormat 3/3A in the location indicated by the parameter tpc-Index-SRS forcell c to adjust a P-SRS transmission power or an A-SRS transmissionpower in cell c.

A setting of a UE transmit power P_(SRS,c)(i) for a SRS transmitted inSF i for cell c where the UE is configured to transmit only SRS isdefined as in following Equation 5:P _(SRS,c)(i)=min {P _(CMAX,c)(i),10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c))+P_(O_SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c) +f _(c)(i)}[dBm]  (Equation 5)where:

-   -   P_(CMAX,c)(i) is a maximum UE transmit power in SF i for cell c        configured to the UE by higher layers;    -   P_(O_SRS,c)(m) is configured to the UE by higher layers;    -   M_(SRS,c) is an SRS transmission BW in SF i for cell c expressed        in number of RBs;    -   ƒ_(c)(i)=ƒ_(c)(i−1)+δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) when accumulation        of TPC commands δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is enabled by higher        layers for cell c and ƒ_(c)(i)=δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) when        accumulation of TPC commands δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is not        enabled by higher layers for cell c where        δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) is a TPC command that the UE is        provided by a DCI format 3/3A with a CRC scrambled with a        TPC-PUSCH-RNTI or with a TPC-SRS-RNTI that the UE is configured        by higher layers and at a location determined by a parameter        tpc-Index-SRS that the UE is configured by higher layers for        cell c; and    -   α_(SRS,c) is configured by higher layers for an SRS transmission        in cell c.

In a different realization, the structure of Equation 1 can bemaintained and parameters P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) and P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m) canbe introduced for a cell where a UE is configured only SRS transmission.Therefore, Equation 5 can apply by substituting P_(O_SRS,c)(m) withP_(SRS-OFFSET,c)(m)+P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1). As a signaling optimization, it ispossible to avoid configuration by higher layers of P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1) andinstead use the value configured for another cell such as the PCellP_(O_PUSCH,c0)(1) as the reference value.

A UE can determine an initial transmission power for a P-SRS (type 0SRS) or an A-SRS (type 1 SRS) on a cell where the UE does not have otherconfigured transmissions from Equation 5 by setting ƒ_(c)(0)=0 andtherefore using only the open-loop component of the power controlformula in Equation 5 to determine the initial transmission power.Alternatively, as it is subsequently described, when the UE performsrandom access on a cell prior to SRS transmission, the value forƒ_(c)(0) can be determined based on a transmission power resulting to asuccessful completion of the random access.

A PH report for a P-SRS transmission or an A-SRS transmission in SF ifor cell c is computed as in Equation 6.PH _(type3,c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c)(i)−{10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c)(i))+P_(O_SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}[dB]   (Equation 6)

As same TPC commands apply for P-SRS transmission and for A-SRStransmission and an eNB knows the difference between P_(O_SRS,c)(0) andP_(O_SRS,c)(1), a single PH report can be provided and can be withreference either to P-SRS using P_(O_SRS,c)(0) or to A-SRS usingP_(O_SRS,c)(1).

When a UE does not transmit P-SRS or A-SRS in SF i for cell c, a PHreport is computed as in Equation 7 where {tilde over (P)}_(CMAX,c)(i)is computed as described in REF 3. As for Equation 6, the PH report canbe provided relative to either P_(O_SRS,c)(0) or P_(O_SRS,c)(1).PH _(type3,c)(i)={tilde over (P)} _(CMAX,c)(i)−{P_(O_SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}[dB]  (Equation 7)

When a total UE transmit power for SRS would exceed {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), instead of the UE scaling {circumflex over(P)}_(SRS,c)(i) for the cell c in SF i with a same weight 0<w(i)≤1 sothat the condition

${\sum\limits_{c}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}} \leq {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)}$is satisfied, in a first approach the UE prioritizes power allocation toP-SRS transmissions or A-SRS transmissions in cells where the UE is alsoconfigured for other UL transmissions and the UE drops P-SRStransmissions or A-SRS transmissions, respectively, in cells where theUE is not configured for other UL transmissions. This is because an SRStransmission in a cell where the UE is also configured for other ULtransmissions can be beneficial for both PDSCH and PUSCH link adaptationwhile an SRS transmission in a cell where the UE is not configured forother UL transmissions can be beneficial only for PDSCH link adaptation.

In a second approach, the UE prioritizes power allocation to P-SRStransmissions over other P-SRS transmissions, or power allocation ofA-SRS transmissions over other A-SRS transmissions, in cells where theUE is also configured for other UL transmissions and the UE scales apower of SRS transmissions, respectively, in cells where the UE is notconfigured for other UL transmissions so that the condition

${\sum\limits_{c \in C_{2}}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}} \leq {{{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {\sum\limits_{c \in C_{1}}{{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}}$is satisfied where C₁ is a set of cells where the UE is configured forother UL transmissions and the UE transmits P-SRS or A-SRS in SF i andC₂ is a set of cells where the UE is not configured for other ULtransmissions and the UE transmits P-SRS or A-SRS in SF i. When

${{{{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {\sum\limits_{c \in C_{1}}{{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}} < 0},$the UE drops P-SRS or A-SRS transmissions in the C₂ set of cells andscales {circumflex over (P)}_(SRS,c)(i) for the cell c in the C₁ set ofcells in SF i so that the condition

${\sum\limits_{c \in C_{1}}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{SRS},c}(i)}}} \leq {{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{CMAX}(i)}$is satisfied. A-SRS transmission in a cell where the UE is notconfigured for other UL transmissions is prioritized in terms of powerallocation over P-SRS transmission in a cell where the UE is configuredfor other UL transmissions.

Timing for A-SRS Transmission

Various embodiments of the present disclosure consider mechanisms todefine timing for an A-SRS transmission.

For a cell where a UE is not configured for other UL transmissions, anA-SRS transmission is triggered by a DL DCI format, such as DL DCIformat 1A/2B/2C/2D, that also schedules a transmission of data TBs tothe UE. It is then likely that, in a same SF, the UE will need totransmit HARQ-ACK information in a cell where the UE is configured PUCCHtransmissions (PCell or PSCell) and A-SRS transmission in a cell wherethe UE is not configured for other UL transmissions. Then, particularlywhen a number of cells where a UE can have simultaneous UL transmissionsin a SF is small, such as 1 or 2, the cannot transmit both SRS andHARQ-ACK when a UE capability for simultaneous UL transmissions ondifferent cells is exceeded, the UE will prioritize the HARQ-ACKtransmission, for example on the PCell or on the PSCell, and drop theA-SRS transmission in the cell where the UE is not configured for otherUL transmissions. As support of A-SRS transmissions in cells where theUE is not configured for other UL transmissions is primarily beneficialfor TDD UL-DL configurations having many DL SFs and few UL SFs (DL-heavyTDD UL-DL configurations), the UE can frequently be unable to transmitthe A-SRS.

In a first approach, a timing for a A-SRS transmission from a UE in afirst cell where the UE is not configured for other UL transmissions canbe adjusted depending on whether or not the A-SRS transmission coincideswith a PUSCH/PUCCH transmission in a second cell, at least when the UEneeds to drop the A-SRS transmission as the UE cannot simultaneouslytransmit in the first cell and in the second cell. Therefore, for anA-SRS transmission triggered by a DL DCI format transmitted in SF n, theUE transmits A-SRS in the first SF satisfying n+k, k≥4 and(10·n_(f)+k_(SRS)−T_(offset,1))mod T_(SRS,1)=0 for T_(SRS,1)>2, or(k_(SRS)−T_(offset,1)) mod5=0 for T_(SRS,1)=2, and further satisfyingthat the UE does not drop the A-SRS transmission.

FIG. 10 illustrates timing for an A-SRS transmission from a UE in a cellwhere the UE is not configured for other UL transmissions according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG.10 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could be used withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure.

A cell where a UE is not configured UL transmissions, other than SRStransmissions, uses TDD UL-DL configuration 2. The UE is configuredI_(SRS)=2 corresponding to T_(SRS,1)=2 and T_(offset,1)=0,2 for SRStransmissions in the cell. The UE detects a DCI format triggering anA-SRS transmission in SF n=3 1010. The UE transmits the A-SRS in SF n=71020 when the UE is able to transmit the A-SRS based on the UEcapability for a total number of UL transmissions in respective numberof cells. When the UE is not able to transmit the A-SRS in SF n+4=7based on the UE capability for a total number of UL transmissions inrespective number of cells, the UE transmits the A-SRS in special SF n=11030 of the next frame assuming that the special SF n=1 includes two ormore UpPTS symbols.

The first approach relies on an ability of an eNB receiving an A-SRStransmission from a UE to determine whether or not the UE transmits theA-SRS. For example, such an ability can be required in case the UE failsto detect a subsequent DL DCI format or UL DCI format that would haveresulted to the UE transmitting PUCCH or PUSCH in the first SF in thesecond cell and to the UE further postponing or dropping the A-SRStransmission in the first SF in the first cell. Such an ambiguity canalso exist for a P-SRS transmission and can be caused by a falsedetection of a DL DCI format or UL DCI format by the UE that has as aresult the UE erroneously transmitting PUCCH or PUSCH and the UEdropping the P-SRS transmission due to an inability by the UE tosimultaneously transmit in multiple cells.

In a second approach, to avoid a requirement for an eNB to determinewhether or not a UE transmits A-SRS (or P-SRS), the A-SRS transmissionin a cell where a UE is not configured for other UL transmissions canalways be in the UpPTS of a special SF. This can also accommodate aretuning latency, depending on an associated value for the retuninglatency, as the GP of the special SF can be used for returning to thecarrier of SRS transmission and the last UpPTS symbols or the firstsymbols of the next SF can be used for retuning to another carrier. In afirst example, the A-SRS transmission is always in a first special SFsatisfying n+k, k≥4. In case the UpPTS includes more than one symbol,the UpPTS symbol for A-SRS transmission (or P-SRS transmission) can beconfigured to the UE by higher layers or be determined from a C-RNTI forthe UE. For example, for N_(UpPTS) symbols, a UE can determine an indexof an UpPTS symbol for A-SRS transmission as n_(C-RNTI) mod N_(UpPTS)where n_(C-RNTI) is the C-RNTI for the UE. Additionally, a number ofUpPTS symbols where the UE transmits A-SRS can be configured to the UEby higher layers. In a second example, the A-SRS SF offset values can bemodified as in Table 6. For T_(SRS,1)=2 or T_(SRS,1)=5, there is no needto provide an SRS configuration index in case of one UpPTS symbol in aspecial SF.

TABLE 6 UE Specific SRS Periodicity T_(SRS, 1) and SF OffsetConfiguration T_(offset, 1) for A-SRS in TDD. SRS SRS 1 symbol UpPTS 2symbols UpPTS Configuration Periodicity SRS SF Offset SRS SF OffsetIndex I_(SRS) T_(SRS, 1) (SFs) T_(offset, 1) T_(offset, 1) 0 reservedreserved reserved 1 2 0 0 2 2 reserved 1 3 2 0 0 4 2 reserved 1 5 2 0 06 2 reserved 1 7 2 reserved reserved 8 2 reserved reserved 9 2 reservedreserved 10-14 5 0 for I_(SRS) = 10, 0 for I_(SRS) = 10, reserved for 1for I_(SRS) = 11, other I_(SRS) reserved for other I_(SRS) 15-24 10  0for I_(SRS) = 10, 0/1 for I_(SRS) = 10/11, 5 for I_(SRS) = 20 5/6 forI_(SRS) = 20/21 reserved for reserved for other I_(SRS) other I_(SRS)25-31 reserved reserved reserved

In a third approach, when a UE is configured to transmit P-SRS or A-SRSin a first cell in a SF and the UE is also configured to transmit PUSCHor PUCCH in a second cell in the SF and a UE capability for a number ofcells with simultaneous transmission is exceeded, the UE can beconfigured whether to puncture/suspend PUSCH or PUCCH transmission inthe second cell in SF symbols where the UE transmits P-SRS or A-SRS inthe first cell or drop the P-SRS or A-SRS transmission. For example,when configured, the UE suspends PUCCH or PUSCH transmission in thesecond cell in a last SF symbol and the UE transmits P-SRS or A-SRS inthe last SF symbol in the first cell. The suspension of the PUCCH orPUSCH transmission in the second cell in the last SF symbol applies evenin SFs that are not configured for SRS transmission in the second cellor even when the PUSCH/PUCCH transmission does not overlap in BW with acell-specific maximum SRS transmission BW in the second cell. For aPUCCH Format 2 transmission, when the UE does not puncture the last SFsymbol by default, the system operation can specify that the UE to dropseither the SRS transmission or the PUCCH Format 2 transmission.

FIG. 11 illustrates puncturing of a last SF symbol for a PUSCH or PUCCHtransmission in a second cell in order to transmit SRS in a first cellaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodimentshown in FIG. 11 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

A UE transmits PUSCH or PUCCH in a second cell and an SRS in a firstcell in a same SF. An eNB configures the UE to suspend the PUSCH orPUCCH transmission in the last SF symbol and transmit SRS in a cellwhere the UE is not configured other UL transmissions. The UE suspendsthe PUSCH or PUCCH transmission in the last SF symbol 1110 in the secondcell and the UE transmits SRS in the first cell 1120.

When a retuning latency is large enough for a UE to need to retune to acarrier of SRS transmission from a carrier of PUCCH transmission priorto the completion of PUCCH transmissions (that is, prior to the end of aSF) or for the UE to need to retune from a carrier of SRS transmissionto a carrier of PUCCH transmission after the start of PUCCHtransmissions (that is, after the start of a SF), orthogonalmultiplexing in the time domain of a PUCCH transmission from the UE withPUCCH transmissions from other UEs using orthogonal covering codesacross each slot of a SF is not possible, particularly when differentUEs require different retuning latencies according to theircapabilities.

To maintain a capability for orthogonal multiplexing of PUCCHtransmissions on a same PRB pair, regardless of a retuning latency, andavoid near-far effects for received PUCCHs transmitted from differentUEs, multiplexing can be limited only in the cyclic shift domain byprecluding orthogonal multiplexing in the time domain through the use ofdifferent orthogonal covering codes (OCCs). A resulting resourceallocation and respective PUCCH transmitter and receiver structures aredescribed in REF 6 with respect to low cost UEs that can only transmitin a small part of a system BW. In general, precluding orthogonalmultiplexing can apply for any type of application.

A-SRS Transmission Triggering

Various embodiments of the present disclosure consider mechanisms totrigger an A-SRS transmission.

In a first approach, an A-SRS transmission from a UE in a cell withoutother UL transmissions from the UE is only configured by a DL DCIformat, such as DL DCI Formats 1A/2B/2C/2D, scheduling a PDSCHtransmission in the cell. An UL DCI format configures an A-SRStransmission only in a cell where an associated PUSCH is transmitted.

In a second approach, an eNB can configure a UE with a UE-common RNTIfor scrambling a CRC of a UE-common DCI format triggering A-SRStransmissions (SRS-RNTI) for a group of UEs. This can enable an eNB totrigger A-SRS transmissions from a group of UEs without transmittingrespective DL DCI formats to schedule associated PDSCH transmissions tothe group of UEs and can enable the eNB to obtain CSI information priorto scheduling (or not scheduling) a PDSCH transmission to UEs in thegroup of UEs. A UE can be configured more than one location in theUE-common DCI format corresponding to respective A-SRS triggeringindications for one or more respective configured cells that can includeeither or both cells where the UE is configured for PUSCH transmissionsand not configured for PUSCH transmissions. A UE can be configured morethan one SRS-RNTI corresponding to SRS triggering in more than onerespective group of one or more cells.

An eNB configures to a UE an SRS-RNTI that scrambles a CRC of a DCIformat. For example, the DCI format can have a same size as a DCI Format0/1A, or DCI format 3/3A. This can avoid increasing a number of PDCCHdecoding operation the UE needs to perform in a SF. The eNB alsoconfigures to the UE an index Index-SRS for the UE to determine alocation for A-SRS triggering bits for the UE in the DCI format. Thenumber of A-SRS triggering bits can be predetermined in the systemoperation or be configured to the UE. For example, the number of SRStriggering bit can be one for a UE with one transmitter antenna and twofor a UE with more than one transmitter antennas. A UE can be configureda number of locations for A-SRS triggering bits for a respective numberof cells where a location for each cell can either be determined, forexample, according to an ascending order of a cell index or beindividually configured for each cell. For example, for 16 UEs in thegroup of UEs, for a DCI format that includes 32 bits, and for 2 bits fortriggering A-SRS transmission in a cell, the eNB can configure a UE thefifth bit and the sixth bit as the A-SRS triggering bits by setting thevalue of the Index-SRS index to indicate the third pair of bits. Forexample, for 4 UEs in the group of UEs, for a DCI format that includes32 bits, and for 2 bits for triggering A-SRS transmission in a cell, theeNB can configure a UE the second eighth bits as the A-SRS triggeringbits for four configured cells by setting the value of the Index-SRSindex to indicate the second eight bits.

A number of TPC command bits for SRS transmission can also be includedin the UE-common DCI format with CRC scrambled by SRS-RNTI. The numberof TPC command bits can be same for each UE and can be defined in thesystem operation, such as for example two bits as in DCI format 3 or onebit as in DCI format 3A. Then, in a DL SF or a special SF, or atpredetermined DL SFs or special SFs according to an A-SRS transmissionperiodicity, a UE can attempt to detect the UE-common DCI format anddetermine whether or not the UE shall transmit A-SRS in a respectivecell, determine a respective parameter set in case of an A-SRStransmission in the cell, and determine a TPC command for adjusting atransmission power for an A-SRS or a P-SRS in the cell.

In a first example, the number of TPC command bits for an A-SRStransmission from a UE can be consecutive to the number of bitsconfiguring the A-SRS transmission from the UE. In a second example, theTPC command bits can be located after the A-SRS transmission triggeringbits for all UEs and each UE can derive the location of TPC command bitsbased on the location of the A-SRS triggering bits. For example, for 8UEs in the group of UEs, for a UE-common DCI format that includes 32bits, and for 2 bits for triggering A-SRS transmission in a cell and 2bits for a TPC command, a UE that is configured the fifth bit and thesixth bit as the A-SRS triggering bits can determine that the TPCcommand bits are either the seventh of eight bits according to the firstexample or the twenty first and twenty second bits according to thesecond example. For example, for 4 UEs in the group of UEs, for a DCIformat that includes 32 bits, and for 2 bits for triggering A-SRStransmission in a cell and 2 bits for a TPC command, the eNB canconfigure a UE the second eighth bits as the A-SRS triggering bits andthe TPC command bits for two configured cells by setting the value ofthe Index-SRS index to indicate the second eight bits. The order ofA-SRS triggering bits and TPC command bits can also be exchanged. A sameapproach can apply for a UE to determine a location in a DCI Format 3/3Awith CRC scrambled by a TPC-SRS-RNTI of a TPC command for SRStransmission in a respective cell.

FIG. 12 illustrates contents of a DCI format with CRC scrambled by anSRS-RNTI that indicates whether or not a UE transmits an A-SRS in a cellaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodimentshown in FIG. 12 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

An eNB configures to a UE an SRS-RNTI for a UE-common DCI format and alocation in the UE-common DCI format for A-SRS triggering bits in a cell1210. The eNB determines UEs from a group of UEs to trigger respectiveA-SRS transmission in a SF 1220. The eNB sets values of the bitsaccording to whether or not the eNB triggers A-SRS transmission from aUE 1230. For example, for two bits associated with a cell, the eNB setsa value of ‘00’ when the eNB does not trigger A-SRS transmission fromthe UE in the cell and the eNB sets a value other than ‘00’ when the eNBtriggers A-SRS transmission from the UE in the cell according to aconfiguration corresponding to the value of the two bits. The eNBtransmits the DCI format with CRC scrambled by the SRS-RNTI 1240.

A UE receives from an eNB a configuration for an SRS-RNTI for aUE-common DCI format and for a location in the UE-common DCI format ofbits associated with triggering an A-SRS transmission from the UE in acell 1250. The UE detects the UE-common DCI format with CRC scrambled bythe SRS-RNTI 1260. The UE obtains values of A-SRS triggering bits 1270.When the value of A-SRS triggering bits is ‘00’, the UE does nottransmit A-SRS in the cell and when the value of A-SRS triggering bitsis not ‘00’, the UE transmits A-SRS in a respective cell according toparameters that correspond to the value of the A-SRS triggering bits980. The example in FIG. 12 assumes that a UE is configured a singlecell for SRS transmission.

FIG. 13 illustrates contents of a DCI format with CRC scrambled by anSRS-RNTI that indicates whether or not a UE transmits an A-SRS in a celland indicates a TPC command for the UE to apply to an SRS transmissionpower according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Theembodiment shown in FIG. 13 is for illustration only. Other embodimentscould be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

An eNB configures to a UE an SRS-RNTI for a UE-common DCI format, alocation in the UE-common DCI format of bits associated with triggeringan A-SRS transmission from the UE in a cell, and with TPC commands forthe UE to determine an SRS transmission power adjustment 1310. The eNBdetermines UEs from a group of UEs to trigger respective A-SRStransmission and determines respective TPC commands for poweradjustments 1320. The eNB sets values of the A-SRS triggering bits(e.g., a block of A-SRS triggering bits) according to whether or not theeNB triggers A-SRS transmission from a UE in a cell 1330. The eNBtransmits the DCI format with CRC scrambled by SRS-RNTI 1340.

A UE receives from an eNB a configuration for an SRS-RNTI for aUE-common DCI format and for a location in the UE-common DCI format ofbits associated with triggering an A-SRS transmission from the UE in acell and with a TPC command for a respective power adjustment 1350. TheUE detects the UE-common DCI format with CRC scrambled by the SRS-RNTI1360. The UE obtains values of A-SRS triggering bits (e.g., a block ofA-SRS triggering bits) and for TPC command bits (e.g., a block of TPCcommand bits) 1370. When the value of A-SRS triggering bits is ‘00’, theUE does not transmit A-SRS in the cell and when the value of A-SRStriggering bits is not ‘00’, the UE transmits A-SRS in the cell with apower adjustment determined from the TPC command and according toparameters that correspond to the values of bits 1380. The parametersare either configured for the values of bits from the eNB by higherlayers or are determined in the system operation. A UE can process a TPCcommand even when the UE is not triggered A-SRS transmission. Theexample in FIG. 13 assumes that a UE is configured a single cell for SRStransmission.

Due to an absence of an UL DCI format to configure A-SRS transmissionfrom a UE in a cell without other UL transmissions, only a singleconfiguration for A-SRS transmission is possible since there is only asingle bit in a DL DCI format to indicate whether or not a UE transmitsA-SRS. For a UE with multiple transmitter antennas, this implies thatthere is no flexibility for dynamic determination of a set of UE antennaports for A-SRS transmission and this set needs to be indicated byhigher layers. For example, there is no flexibility for an eNB todynamically configure whether 1 or 2 antenna ports are used by a UE totransmit A-SRS in case of two UE transmitter antenna ports or whether 1,2, or 4 antenna ports are used by a UE to transmit A-SRS in case of fourUE transmitter antenna ports. Moreover, there is no flexibility indynamically configuring a BW for a A-SRS transmission. This isdisadvantageous particularly in case of multiple UE transmitter antennaports as it is possible for a UE to not be able to simultaneouslytransmit SRS from all antenna ports and as a power for SRStransmissions, that can often be less than a maximum availabletransmission power in case a UE also has other UL transmissions, needsto be equally divided among UE transmitter antenna ports and it canoften be preferable for a A-SRS transmission BW to be smaller than amaximum one in order to achieve a sufficiently large power spectraldensity for A-SRS transmission.

The above limitations in dynamically configuring parameters for an A-SRStransmission can be mitigated by enabling a dynamic configuration for aparameter set for A-SRS transmission or by enabling configuration forA-SRS transmission in multiple SFs together with frequency hopping. Adynamic configuration for a parameter set is enabled by increasing anumber of SRS triggering bits in the DL DCI formats from 1 to 2 or morebits when a UE is configured for A-SRS transmissions in cells withoutother UL transmissions or by using a new DCI format with a CRC scrambledby a SRS-RNTI that can associate more than one bit with A-SRS triggeringin a respective cell. For example, in case of 2 bits, a mapping toconfigurations of parameters can be as in Table 2.

An eNB can configure a UE with A-SRS transmission in a number ofmultiple symbols of a SF or in multiple SFs, from same antenna ports orfrom different antenna ports, at least when each SRS transmission isover a BW that is smaller than a maximum transmission BW that an eNBindicates by a cell specific SRS BW configuration as in Table 1. Forexample, when an A-SRS transmission is configured to be over half amaximum transmission BW, the transmission occurs in two consecutivesymbols of a SF, such as a special SF, or in consecutive SFs andfrequency hops between the two halves of the maximum transmission BW.For example, when a UE has two antenna ports and cannot simultaneouslytransmit SRS from the two antenna ports, an SRS transmission can occurin two consecutive symbols of a SF, such as a special SF, or inconsecutive SFs and be from a first antenna port in a first symbol andfrom a second antenna port in a second symbol. In general, when an eNBconfigures to a UE a SRS transmission BW of m_(SRS,b) ^(c) RBs in a celland the eNB indicates a maximum SRS transmission BW of m_(SRS,0) ^(c)RBs in the cell, the UE transmits an A-SRS over m_(SRS,D) ^(c)/m_(SRS,b)^(c) with frequency hopping per SRS transmission symbol in each of them_(SRS,0) ^(c)/m_(SRS,b) ^(c) SRS transmission BWs of m_(SRS,b) ^(c)that constitute the m_(SRS,0) ^(c) RBs in the cell. Whether or notfrequency hopping or transmission over multiple symbols or over multipleSFs is enabled can be configured to the UE by higher layers or can beassociated with a parameter set when multiple parameter sets exist foran A-SRS transmission in case A-SRS triggering in a cell uses more thanone bit.

It is also possible for a UE that is not configured with frequencyhopping or with multi-symbol A-SRS transmissions to transmit an A-SRSover a maximum SRS transmission BW. In a first example, an A-SRStransmission BW can be associated with a SF where the DCI formattriggering the A-SRS is transmitted. For example, for a same value ofA-SRS triggering bits, a UE can transmit A-SRS in a first BW when the UEdetects the DCI format triggering the A-SRS in a SF with an even indexand the UE can transmit A-SRS in a second BW when the UE detects the DCIformat triggering the A-SRS in a SF with an odd index. In a secondexample, in case of more than one A-SRS triggering bits, a first valueof the A-SRS triggering bits can be associated with a first set ofparameters that includes a first A-SRS transmission BW or a first set ofantenna ports and a second value of the A-SRS triggering bits can beassociated with a second set of parameters that includes a second A-SRStransmission BW or a second set of antenna ports.

FIG. 14 illustrates an A-SRS transmission, triggered by one DCI format,in multiple SFs using frequency hopping according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of this disclosure.

An eNB signals by system information an SRS BW configuration 3 1400having a maximum SRS BW of 72 RBs 1402. An SRS transmission does notexist in a number of RBs in a system BW 1406, 1408. A UE is configuredby higher layers to transmit A-SRS over a first BW of 24 RBs 1410 in afirst SF. A BW location for an A-SRS transmission in the first SF can beconfigured to the UE by higher layers or can be predetermined, such asfor example to be the one that includes the 24 RBs with the lowerindexes. The eNB configures the UE, either by independent configurationor through an indication of a parameter set for an A-SRS transmission,to transmit A-SRS with frequency hopping over three SFs so that themaximum BW of 72 RBs is sounded by the UE. The UE transmits A-SRS in the24 RBs with largest indexes in a second SF 1420 and transmits A-SRS inthe middle 24 RBs from the 72 RBs in a third SF 1430.

When a cell where a UE is configured to transmit SRS and the UE is notconfigured for any other UL transmission requires a different TAG thanany of the cells where the UE is also configured for other ULtransmissions, the UE shall also be able to transmit a random access(RA) preamble in a physical random access channel (PRACH) in the cell inresponse to a PDCCH order from an eNB in order for the eNB to issue tothe UE an appropriate timing advance (TA) value through a random accessresponse (RAR) for SRS transmissions in the cell. Therefore, it ispossible that a UE configured to transmit only SRS in a cell need toalso support PRACH transmissions in the cell. In such case, the UE canprioritize the PRACH transmission in the cell over other transmissions,except for PRACH transmissions, in other cells when the UE needs tosuspend a transmission according to a UE capability for a total numberof transmissions in different cells in a same SF. A need for PRACHtransmission in a cell where a UE is otherwise configured only for SRStransmissions, that is the UE is not configured for PUSCH/PUCCHtransmission, can be avoided by restricting the cell to belong in a sameTAG as a cell where the UE is configured for PUSCH/PUCCH transmission.

A UE can determine an initial power for a carrier-switched SRStransmission after the UE transmits a PRACH on a cell c as follows.

For a first SF i=0 of a SRS transmission on cell c,ƒ_(c)(0)=ΔP_(rampup,c)+δ_(SRS,c), where δ_(SRS,c) is a TPC command in aDCI format 3/3A (with CRC scramble with a SRS-RNTI),ΔP_(rampup,c)=min[{max(0,P_(CMAX,c)−(10log₁₀(M_(SRS,c))+P_(O_SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c)·PL_(c)))},ΔP_(rampuprequested,c)],M_(SRS,c) is the bandwidth of the first SRS transmission, andΔP_(rampuprequested,c) is provided by higher layers and corresponds to atotal power ramp-up requested by higher layers from a first to a last RApreamble on cell c. For a carrier-switched SRS transmission associatedwithout an associated DCI format with CRC scrambled with SRS-RNTI,δ_(SRS,c)=0.

The present disclosure enables SRS transmissions from a UE in cellswhere the UE in not configured for other UL transmissions. The presentdisclosure provides a power control mechanism for SRS transmissions incells where the UE is not configured for UL transmissions. The presentdisclosure also provides a definition for a PH report for a cell where aUE transmits SRS and the UE is not configured for other UL transmissionsin the cell. The present disclosure additionally provides prioritizationrules for power allocation to SRS transmission when a UE is configuredto simultaneously transmit SRS in cells where the UE is configured forother UL transmissions and in cells where the UE is not configured foruplink (UL) transmissions. The present disclosure further providesmechanisms for timing of an A-SRS transmission from a UE in a cell wherethe UE is not configured for other UL transmissions in order to avoidsimultaneous transmission of the A-SRS in the cell and physical ULshared channel (PUSCH)/ physical UL control channel (PUCCH)transmissions in other cells. The present disclosure provides mechanismsfor triggering A-SRS transmissions in cells where a UE is not configuredfor other UL transmissions.

To aid the Patent Office and any readers of any patent issued on thisapplication in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants wishto note that they do not intend any of the appended claims or claimelements to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the words “means for” or“step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim. Use of any otherterm, including without limitation “mechanism,” “module,” “device,”“unit,” “component,” “element,” “member,” “apparatus,” “machine,”“system,” “processor,” or “controller,” within a claim is understood bythe applicants to refer to structures known to those skilled in therelevant art and is not intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112(f).

Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplaryembodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a configuration for a location of first bits in a downlink control information (DCI) format, the DCI format comprising one or more blocks of bits including the first bits, wherein each of the one or more blocks of bits comprises: one or more bits for a transmit power control (TPC) command, and zero or more bits for a request for transmission of a sounding reference signal (SRS); and determining a power P_(SRS,c)(i) in decibels per milliwatt (dBm) of a SRS transmission in time instance i on a serving cell c as: P _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c)(i))+P _(O_SRS,c)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c) +f _(c)(i)}dBm, where: min{x, y} is a minimum function resulting in a smaller of numbers x, y, log₁₀ (x) is a logarithm function with base 10 resulting a logarithm with base 10 for number x, P_(CMAX,c)(i) is a maximum transmission power in time instance i on the serving cell c, M_(SRS,c)(i) is a bandwidth for the SRS transmission in the time instance i on the serving cell c, P_(O_SRS,c) is indicated by higher layers for the SRS transmission on the serving cell c, α_(SRS,c) is indicated by higher layers for the SRS transmission on the serving cell c, PL_(c) is a path loss value measured for the serving cell c, and ƒ_(c)(i) is a transmission power control adjustment state, determined from the TPC command in the DCI format, for the SRS transmission in the time instance i on the serving cell c; and transmitting the SRS with the power P_(SRS,c)(i) in the time instance i on the serving cell c.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a power headroom (PH) for the SRS transmission in the time instance i on the serving cell c is determined as: PH _(c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c)(i)−{10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c)(i))+P _(OSRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein: f_(c)(0) = ΔP_(rampup, c), ΔP_(rampup, c) = min [{max (0, P_(CMAX, c) − (10log₁₀(M_(SRS, c)) + P_(O_SRS, c)(m) + α_(SRS, c) ⋅ PL_(c)))}, ΔP_(rampuprequested, c)], max{x, y} is a maximum function resulting in the larger of numbers x, y, where: M_(SRS,c) is a bandwidth of a first SRS transmission on the serving cell c, and ΔP_(rampuprequested,c) is a total power ramp-up power from a first to a last random access preamble transmission on the serving cell c.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the TPC command is used to determine only the power P_(SRS,c)(i) of the SRS transmission.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein: a number of the one or more blocks of bits is more than one, each of the more than one blocks of bits corresponds to a serving cell, and each of the more than one blocks of bits comprises either TPC command bits or both TPC command bits and SRS request bits for the serving cell.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a configuration for a TPC-SRS-radio network temporary identifier (TPC-SRS-RNTI), wherein a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the DCI format is scrambled by the TPC-SRS-RNTI.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the zero or more bits for the SRS request are consecutive to the one or more bits for the TPC command in the DCI format.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein transmissions on the serving cell c exclude: physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs), and physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs).
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a power of an SRS transmission on a serving cell based on: a reference reception power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission on the serving cell, when provided, and a reference reception power for the SRS transmission on the serving cell, when a reference reception power for a PUSCH transmission on the serving cell is not provided.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: switching from transmitting signals on a serving cell other than the serving cell c to transmitting the SRS on serving cell c.
 11. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a transceiver configured to receive a configuration for a location of first bits in a downlink control information (DCI) format, the DCI format comprising one or more blocks of bits including the first bits, wherein each of the one or more blocks of bits comprises: one or more bits for a transmit power control (TPC) command, and zero or more bits for a request for transmission of a sounding reference signal (SRS); and a processor operably coupled to the transceiver, the processor configured to determine a power P_(SRS,c)(i) in decibels per milliwatt (dBm) of a SRS transmission in time instance i on serving cell c as: P _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c)(i))+P _(O_SRS,c)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}dBm, where: min{x, y} is a minimum function resulting in a smaller of numbers x, y, log₁₀(x) is a logarithm function with base 10 resulting a logarithm with base 10 for number x, P_(CMAX,c)(i) is a maximum transmission power in time instance i on serving cell c, M_(SRS,c)(i) is a bandwidth for the SRS transmission in time instance i on serving cell c, P_(O_SRS,c) is indicated by higher layers for the SRS transmission on serving cell c, α_(SRS,c) is indicated by higher layers for the SRS transmission on serving cell c, PL_(c) is a path loss value measured for serving cell c, and ƒ_(c)(i) is a transmission power control adjustment state, determined from the TPC command in the DCI format, for the SRS transmission in time instance i on serving cell c, wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit the SRS with the power in time instance i on serving cell c.
 12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a power headroom (PH) for the SRS transmission in time instance i on serving cell c as: PH _(c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c)(i)−{10log₁₀(M _(SRS,c)(i))+Po_(SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c) ·PL _(c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}.
 13. The UE of claim 11, wherein: f_(c)(0) = ΔP_(rampup, c), ΔP_(rampup, c) = min [{max (0, P_(CMAX, c) − (10log₁₀(M_(SRS, c)) + P_(O_SRS, c)(m) + α_(SRS, c) ⋅ PL_(c)))}, ΔP_(rampuprequested, c)], max{x, y} is a maximum function resulting in the larger of numbers x, y, where: M_(SRS,c) is a bandwidth of a first SRS transmission on serving cell c, and ΔP_(rampuprequested,c) is a total power ramp-up power from a first to a last random access preamble transmission on serving cell c.
 14. The UE of claim 11, wherein the TPC command is used to determine only the power P_(SRS,c)(i) of the SRS transmission.
 15. The UE of claim 11, wherein: a number of the one or more blocks of bits is more than one, each of the more than one blocks of bits corresponds to a serving cell, and each of the more than one blocks of bits comprises either TPC command bits or both TPC command bits and SRS request bits for the serving cell.
 16. The UE of claim 11, wherein: the transceiver is further configured to receive a configuration for a TPC-SRS-radio network temporary identifier (TPC-SRS-RNTI), and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the DCI format is scrambled by the TPC-SRS-RNTI.
 17. The UE of claim 11, wherein the zero or more bits for the SRS request are consecutive to the one or more bits for the TPC command in the DCI format.
 18. The UE of claim 11, wherein the transceiver is not configured to transmit on serving cell c: physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs), and physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs).
 19. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a power of an SRS transmission on a serving cell based on: a reference reception power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission on the serving cell, when provided, and a reference reception power for the SRS transmission on the serving cell, when a reference reception power for a PUSCH transmission on the serving cell is not provided.
 20. The UE of claim 11, wherein the transceiver is further configured to switch from transmitting signals on a serving cell other than serving cell c to transmitting the SRS on serving cell c. 